Leber-Vital Plus

Here is the translation: ALT is an enzyme that is mainly found in the liver. The laboratory value measures the concentration of ALT in the blood and is used to assess liver function and detect liver damage.

An ALT test is recommended for: Persons with symptoms such as fatigue, jaundice or abdominal pain Patients at risk of liver damage (e.g. due to alcohol abuse, hepatitis infections, medications) Monitoring of patients with known liver diseases Preventive examination in case of increased risk of fatty liver (e.g. overweight, diabetes)

The test serves the diagnosis and monitoring of liver diseases such as hepatitis, fatty liver or cirrhosis. It helps to clarify the cause of unclear complaints and to detect liver damage at an early stage.

An elevated ALT value indicates damage to the liver cells, as in: Acute or chronic hepatitis Alcohol-induced liver damage Drug-induced liver damage Symptoms with elevated ALT can be: Fatigue, loss of appetite Jaundice, dark urine A low ALT value usually has no clinical significance.

The testing can be carried out at any time of the day.

OLD is more specific for the liver than other liver enzymes like AST. An isolated increase in OLD usually requires further diagnostic tests such as ultrasound or virus serology. Chronically elevated OLD values can be an indication of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

AST is an enzyme that occurs in various tissues, especially in the liver, in the heart muscle and in the muscles. The laboratory value measures the concentration of AST in the blood and is used to assess liver and heart function as well as muscle damage.

A AST test is recommended for: • Persons with suspected liver damage or liver diseases (e.g. hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver) • Patients with symptoms such as jaundice, fatigue or pain in the upper abdomen • People with suspected heart attack or muscle damage • Monitoring of patients with known liver or heart problems

The test serves the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases that are associated with cell damage in the liver, heart or muscles. It is often measured together with ALT to distinguish between liver and heart problems.

Here is the translation: An elevated AST value can indicate the following conditions: • Liver damage due to hepatitis, alcohol abuse or medication • Heart attack • Muscle diseases such as myositis or muscular dystrophy A low value is unremarkable and has no clinical significance. Symptoms of elevated AST can include: • Jaundice or dark urine in liver problems • Chest pain or shortness of breath in heart problems • Muscle pain or weakness in muscle diseases

The testing can be carried out at any time of the day.

• AST is less specific for the liver than ALT, as it occurs in many tissues. • The ratio of AST to ALT (De-Ritis ratio) can help distinguish between alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver damage. • Muscle injuries or strenuous physical exertion can also increase AST.

Albumin is a protein that is produced in the liver and has many important functions, including the transport of substances in the blood and the maintenance of the colloid osmotic pressure. The laboratory value measures the albumin concentration in the blood and provides information about liver function, nutritional status, and kidney function.

An albumin test is recommended for: • Patients with symptoms such as edema, fatigue or weight loss • People with suspected liver or kidney disease • Monitoring of patients with chronic conditions such as cirrhosis or nephrotic syndrome • Assessment of nutritional status in malnutrition or severe illness

The test serves to assess liver and kidney function as well as nutritional status. Albumin is also used to monitor chronic diseases.

A low albumin level can be caused by: • Liver diseases such as cirrhosis or hepatitis • Protein loss through the kidneys (e.g. nephrotic syndrome) • Malnutrition or malabsorption An elevated value is rare and usually occurs with dehydration. Symptoms of low albumin levels can include: • Swelling (edema) • Weakness or fatigue

The testing can be carried out at any time of the day and is independent of food intake.

• Albumin levels can be lowered by chronic inflammation or infections, even without obvious liver or kidney disease. • In conjunction with total protein and globulin, the albumin value helps to assess the overall health status more comprehensively. • The value can also decrease during pregnancy or fluid overload.

Total protein refers to the sum of all proteins in the blood plasma, which mainly include albumin and globulins. The laboratory value measures the protein concentration in the serum and is used to assess nutritional status, liver function, and immunological processes.

A total protein test is recommended for: • People with symptoms such as edema, weakness or unclear weight changes • Patients with suspected liver or kidney disease • Diagnosis of immunological diseases (e.g. autoimmune diseases, plasmacytoma) • Monitoring in chronic diseases that can affect the protein level • Patients with suspected dehydration or malnutrition

The test serves to assess the nutritional and fluid balance as well as the diagnosis of diseases associated with altered protein levels, such as liver cirrhosis, kidney diseases or chronic inflammations.

Here is the translation: A low total protein value can indicate the following: • Malnutrition or malabsorption • Liver diseases such as cirrhosis (reduced protein production) • Kidney diseases such as nephrotic syndrome (increased protein loss) A high value often indicates: • Dehydration (due to increased concentration) • Chronic inflammation or plasmacytoma (excessive globulin production) Symptoms of abnormal protein levels can include: • Swelling (edema) with low protein levels • Fatigue and weight changes

The test can be carried out at any time of the day.

The total protein value alone often provides limited information; a breakdown into albumin and globulins offers more detailed insights. • Chronic inflammation or infections can increase the value, while acute illnesses often cause a decrease. • Fluid status and albumin levels are crucial for the interpretation of total protein.

LDH is an enzyme that is present in almost all body cells and is involved in energy production. The laboratory value measures the concentration of LDH in the blood and is used to assess cell damage or tissue destruction.

A LDH test is recommended for: • Patients with suspected tissue damage (e.g. heart attack, tumors, hemolysis) • People with symptoms such as unexplained fatigue, weakness or pain • Monitoring of patients with chronic diseases such as cancer or liver diseases • Diagnosis and progress control of blood disorders such as hemolytic anemia

The test serves to diagnose cell or tissue damage and is often used to monitor tumor diseases, blood diseases or liver function disorders.

A high LDH value indicates: • Cell destruction in tissue damage (e.g. heart attack, stroke) • Hemolytic anemias (breakdown of red blood cells) • Tumor diseases with high cell division A low LDH value has no clinical significance. Symptoms with elevated LDH can include: • Pain or swelling with tissue damage • Fatigue or weakness in blood diseases

The testing can be carried out at any time of the day and is independent of food intake.

• LDH alone is non-specific; the value should be interpreted in the context of other parameters. • LDH can be broken down into five isoenzymes, which provide specific information about the origin of the tissue damage. • Muscle exertion or blood samples with severe hemolysis can falsely increase LDH values.

Bilirubin is a breakdown product of hemoglobin that is formed during the decomposition of old red blood cells. The laboratory value measures the total bilirubin concentration in the blood, which consists of direct (conjugated) and indirect (unconjugated) bilirubin.

Here is the translation: A bilirubin test is recommended for: • People with symptoms such as jaundice (icterus), dark urine or lighter stool • Patients suspected of having liver or biliary tract diseases (e.g. hepatitis, bile duct obstruction) • Newborns to investigate neonatal jaundice • Monitoring of patients with chronic liver diseases such as cirrhosis

The test serves the diagnosis of diseases associated with impaired bilirubin processing, such as liver diseases, bile duct obstruction or hemolysis (increased breakdown of red blood cells).

Here is the translation: An elevated bilirubin level can indicate the following conditions: • Liver diseases such as hepatitis or cirrhosis • Bile duct obstruction or gallstones • Hemolytic anemias (increased breakdown of red blood cells) A low value is unremarkable and has no clinical significance. Symptoms of elevated bilirubin can include: • Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice) • Dark urine and light-colored stool • Fatigue and nausea

The testing can be carried out at any time of the day.

• Bilirubin is often divided into direct (conjugated) and indirect (unconjugated) bilirubin to better identify the cause of an increase. • Newborns often have elevated bilirubin levels, which is usually harmless in physiological neonatal jaundice, but must be monitored if the values remain persistently high. • Certain medications or liver diseases can increase bilirubin levels.